\u00c7ocuklar i\u00e7in ikinci veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dilleri \u00f6\u011frenmeye ba\u015flamak i\u00e7in en uygun zaman ne zaman? Sinirbilim ve dil edinimi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 giderek daha fazla hemfikir: Ne kadar erken, o kadar iyi.<\/p>\n
N\u00f6robilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, ikinci dil \u00f6\u011freniminin do\u011fumdan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra ba\u015flayabilece\u011fini ve ba\u015flamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bebeklik d\u00f6neminde beyin, saniyede \u00fc\u00e7 milyara kadar sinaptik ba\u011flant\u0131 olu\u015fturarak duyusal deneyimleri ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir verimlilikle emer. Kotulak'\u0131n (1997) belirtti\u011fi gibi, \"Bir bebe\u011fin duydu\u011fu, g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, hissetti\u011fi, tatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve dokundu\u011fu her \u015fey beyin taraf\u0131ndan emilir ve haf\u0131za h\u00fccrelerinde depolan\u0131r.\"<\/p>\n
Bebekler 6-8 ayl\u0131kken yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.000 trilyon sinaptik ba\u011flant\u0131ya sahip olabilir. Bu d\u00f6nem, dil girdisi i\u00e7in e\u015fsiz bir f\u0131rsat sunar; ancak beyin, \u00e7ocuklu\u011fun ilerleyen d\u00f6nemlerinde ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 budamaya ba\u015flad\u0131k\u00e7a bu f\u0131rsat giderek azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ortalama bir \u00e7ocukta 10 ya\u015f\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, bu sinaptik ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 kaybolmu\u015f olabilir, ancak dil \u00f6\u011freniminin temelleri \u00e7oktan at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, bu a\u015famadan \u00f6nce ek dillere maruz kalan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n, ana dili gibi telaffuz ve tonlamalar\u0131 taklit ederek, bunlar\u0131 do\u011fal ve do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde edinme olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, 8 veya 9 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra ikinci dillerle tan\u0131\u015fan \u00e7ocuklar yine de ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilirler, ancak \u00f6\u011frenmeleri genellikle daha bilin\u00e7li bir \u00e7aba ve daha az i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcsel ak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k gerektirir. Daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015ftaki \u00f6\u011frenciler sesleri daha kolay ay\u0131rt etmekle kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda onlar\u0131 daha etkili bir \u015fekilde yeniden \u00fcretirler; bu da Mandarin \u00c7incesi veya \u0130ngilizce gibi dilleri \u00f6\u011frenmede \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci dile maruz kalmaya haz\u0131r oldu\u011funun belirtileri aras\u0131nda, \u00e7ocu\u011fun yeni ortamlara duydu\u011fu merak (\u00f6rne\u011fin, yeni yerleri ziyaret ederken veya yeni insanlarla etkile\u015fim kurarken duydu\u011fu heyecan) yer alabilir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k, genellikle oyun, ke\u015fif ve sosyalle\u015fme yoluyla daha iyi dil \u00f6\u011frenimine olanak tan\u0131yan bir rahatl\u0131k d\u00fczeyiyle ili\u015fkilidir.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ayr\u0131ca, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n yeni bir dilin ritimlerine, seslerine ve kelime da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 do\u011fal bir hayranl\u0131k geli\u015ftirme e\u011filiminde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ya\u015ftaki \u00f6\u011frenciler daha bilin\u00e7li hale gelebilir ve bu da \u00f6zg\u00fcrce konu\u015fma veya risk alma isteklerini engelleyebilir; her ikisi de ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir dil edinimi i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/p>\n
K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar, etkile\u015fim, rutin deneyim ve ba\u011flamsal dil kullan\u0131m\u0131 yoluyla, anadillerini \u00f6\u011frendikleri ortamlara dald\u0131klar\u0131nda ikinci dilleri en iyi \u015fekilde edinirler. Bu, evde, iki dilli s\u0131n\u0131flarda veya yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f girdi ile do\u011fal ileti\u015fim aras\u0131nda denge sa\u011flayan dalma programlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla desteklenebilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci dillere erken ya\u015fta maruz kalmak, ya\u015fam boyu s\u00fcrecek dilsel ve bili\u015fsel faydalar\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturur. Aileler ve e\u011fitimciler i\u00e7in, erken ya\u015fta iki dillili\u011fi desteklemek yaln\u0131zca ba\u015fka bir dil konu\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmekle ilgili de\u011fildir; ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7ok dilli bir d\u00fcnyada ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in donan\u0131ml\u0131, kendine g\u00fcvenen ve uyumlu \u00f6\u011frenciler yeti\u015ftirmekle de ilgilidir.<\/p>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, uluslararas\u0131 okullardaki e\u011fitimciler, en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6\u011frencilerde merak, ak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve k\u00fcresel vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 besleyen erken dil programlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l tasarlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
When is the best time for children to begin learning second or even third languages? Increasingly, neuroscience and language acquisition research agree: the earlier, the better. Language Learning Begins at Birth Neuroscientific studies show that second language learning can and should begin shortly after birth. During infancy, the brain creates up to three billion synaptic […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":484,"featured_media":582240,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jf_save_progress":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10917,10936,11300],"tags":[],"schema":[],"class_list":["post-579712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-expert-tips","category-language-learning","category-learning-tips"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/world-schools.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/579712","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/world-schools.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/world-schools.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world-schools.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/484"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world-schools.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=579712"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/world-schools.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/579712\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world-schools.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/582240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/world-schools.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=579712"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world-schools.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=579712"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world-schools.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=579712"},{"taxonomy":"schema","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world-schools.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/schema?post=579712"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}